3-1: Cell Theory

Assignment 3-1:Cell Theory

EQ: Why is the cell considered to be the basic unit of life?

OBJECTIVES:

 - Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the process if science.

 - Compare and contrast the structure and function of various types of microscopes

KEY TERMS: Cell Theory, Cytoplasm, Organelle, Prokaryotic Cell, Eukaryotic Cell

1. Define the Key Terms listed above.

2. Use your textbook (pages 70-71) to create a timeline of important people and events (e.g., specific advancements in technology) that aided in the discovery of cells and the later development of the cell theory. Be sure to include the following, and for each, include a brief description.

• Leeuwenhoek
• Robert Hooke
• Schleiden
• Schwann
• Virchow

3. Summarize the 3 main parts of the cell theory.

4. Use a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast the 2 main types of cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic.

5. Draw an example of a Prokaryotic Cell  and a Eukaryotic Cell into your notebook.

HOMEWORK: Suppose you travelled to Mars and found a new type of life. Applying the cell theory, what can you say for certain about this organism?

Assignment 2-4: Enzymes

Assignment 2-4 & 2-5: Chemical Reactions & Enzymes

EQ: What role do enzymes play in living things and what affects their function?

OBJECTIVES: 

-Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. 

-Identify factors, such as pH and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity.

KEY TERMS: Chemical reaction, reactant, product, bond energy, equilibrium, activation energy, exothermic, endothermic, catalyst, enzyme, substrate.

BELLWORK: Watch Amoeba Sisters Video HERE.

Soda cracker challenge! Your saliva contains an enzyme called amylase, which will help breakdown the starch in a soda cracker into sugar. After a while, the soda cracker should start to taste sweet. 

READING Pages 52-58

1. Define the key terms listed above.

2. Draw an energy graph for an energy-Absorbing reaction. Label the X-AXIS, Y-AXES, REACTANTS, PRODUCTS, and ACTIVATION ENERGY. See figure 4-3 on page 54 for help.

3. Draw an energy graph for an energy-Releasing reaction. Label the X-AXIS, Y-AXES, REACTANTS, PRODUCTS, and ACTIVATION ENERGY. See figure 4-3 on page 54 for help.

4. Draw an energy graph for a reaction that contains Enzymes. Label the X-AXIS, Y-AXES, REACTANTS, PRODUCTS, ACTIVATION ENERGY WITHOUT ENZYME, ACTIVATION ENERGY WITH ENZYME, REACTION PATHWAY WITHOUT ENZYME, and REACTION PATHWAY WITH ENZYME. See figure 5-1 on page 56 for help.

5. Explain the function of enzymes in living organisms.

6. List 3 things that can affect the activity of enzymes. 

Go HERE to conduct an experiment on the effect of temperature on enzyme activity.  Please complete the worksheet by writing all answers on a separate sheet of paper that will be turned in. You will work with a lab partner on this.

2-3: Carbon-based molecules

Assignment 2-3: Carbon-based molecules

EQ: Why are Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen important to living things?

OBJECTIVES:

-Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules

KEY TERMS: Monomer, Polymer, Carbohydrate, Lipid, Fatty Acid, Nucleic Acid, Protein, Amino Acid

Bellwork: 
Go HERE and watch the Ameoba Sister video on "Biomolecules". 

Reading Chapter 2.3 Pages 46-50

1. Define the Key Terms above.

2. Explain why carbon can form so many different large and complex compounds.

3. Create an analogy for the process of Polymerization: the creation of polymers from monomers.

Go HERE to read about CARBOHYDRATES. Or just read in your book.

4. Explain the function of carbohydrates in living organisms.

5. List 3 examples of carbohydrates and their function, 2 in plants and 1 in animals.

6. State the monomer of a polysaccharide.

Go HERE to read about LIPIDS. Or just read in your book.

7. Explain the function of lipids in living organisms.

8. List 3 common categories of lipids.

9. Compare and Contrast saturated fats with unsaturated fats.

Extra Credit =  Take the quiz on lipids here and write down your score in your notes.

Go HERE to read about NUCLEIC ACIDS. Or just read in your book.

10. State the monomer of a nucleic acid.

11. Explain the function of nucleic acids in living organisms.

12. List 2 examples of nucleic acids.

13. Build a DNA molecule HERE. DRAW a picture of DNA in your notes.

Go HERE to read about PROTEINS. Or just read in your book.

14. State the monomer of a protein.

15. Explain the functions of proteins in living organisms.

2-2: Properties of Water

Assignment 2-2: Properties of Water

EQ: What properties make water so essential to life?

OBJECTIVES:

-Discuss the special properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability as an environment for life.

KEY TERMS: hydrogen bond, cohesion, adhesion, solution, solvent, solute, acid, base, pH

BELLWORK: 
Go HERE for the video about water properties.
Go HERE for the handout. As you watch, complete the handout by writing your answers in your notebook under the heading "Bellwork".

1. Define the Key Terms listed above.

 READ pages 42-43 in your text.

2. Complete the sentence: Unlike most substances, water ________ when it freezes.

3. Predict how the property of water mentioned above helps sustain life in ponds and lakes.

4. Draw a molecule of water, labeling the hydrogen atoms, the oxygen atoms, the negative side, and the positive side. Make it colorful! (See figure 2.1 on page 42)

5. Summarize what it means for a water molecule to be polar.

6. Explain how hydrogen bonding holds water molecules to one another.

7. Demonstrations: 

For each of the water demonstrations do the following:

• Draw a picture/diagram of the experimental setup.
• Explain what is happening. Use the words cohesion, polarity, adhesion, hydrogen bonding, and/or Capillary Action

Water Bending

Drops on a Penny

Capillary Action

8. Determine which water stations best demonstrates cohesion. Explain your answer.

9. Explain how water's high specific heat is very important in cells.

10. Infer how the oceans help keep temperatures on the Earth suitable for life.

READ Pages 44-45 in your text.

11. State the kinds of molecules that dissolve easily in water and list 2 examples found in your blood.

12. State the kinds of molecules that do not dissolve easily in water and list 2 examples.

13. Create a chart that compares acids and bases.

Assignment 1-3: Scientific Processes and Thinking

Assignment 1-3: Scientific Processes and Thinking

EQ: How does Science differ from other ways of knowing things?

OBJECTIVES:

-SC.912.N.2.1 Identify what is science, what clearly is not science, and what superficially resembles science (but fails to meet the criteria for science).
-SC.912.N.3.1 Explain that a scientific theory is the culmination of many scientific investigations drawing together all the current evidence concerning a substantial range of phenomena; thus, a scientific theory represents the most powerful explanation scientists have to offer.

KEY TERMS:  Observation, Data, Hypothesis, Experiment, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Constant, Theory​

MAIN CONCEPT

Science is one way of trying to understand the world around us. The scientific method is not merely a set of prescribed steps; it is more a way of thinking about things. Science demands  evidence of its claims and does not accept “truths” merely because someone says it is one. In practice there are several common steps in the process. 

1. Define the key terms listed above. 
   
2. Create a Frayer Model for the word Theory.
3. Use a T-Chart to compare and contrast what science is with what science is not.  
   
4. State the three principles upon which scientific thinking is based. 
5. Explain the importance of evidence in the scientific process. 
   
6. Compare and contrast qualitative data with quantitative data. List 3 examples of each.
7. Explain the importance of testing a hypothesis more than once.
8. Describe the purpose of peer review.
9. Predict what might happen if an article is published without undergoing peer review. 
10. Compare and contrast the independent variable with the dependent variable. 
    
11. Explain why only one independent variable should be tested in an experiment, and all the other conditions have to stay the same.
12. Distinguish between a hypothesis, a theory, and a law in science. Provide one example of each.
13. Explain why the statement "All life is made of cells." is an example of a theory in science. 
14. Design an experiment to investigate whether a common drug (i.e. caffeine) affects a spider's ability to make a web. Be sure to include your hypothesis, the independent variable, the dependent variable, the control group, and the experimental group. For extra credit, include materials and methods, and constants.